Double Bass

History

It is unknown exactly where the double bass originated from, but it is presumed to be a descendant from the viola da gamba, which originated in the 15^th century. Although the viola da gamba family usually had five or six strings, and the violin family usually had four, before the 20^th century, the double bass only had three strings. The double bass’ appearance greatly resembles that of a viol, but the internal structure of the double bass is almost identical to that of the violin family’s instruments. The size of the double bass makes the violin seem insignificant when placed side by side. The double bass is extremely large, and is almost double the size of a cello. Of all the stringed bow instruments, the double bass is the lowest pitched. It is played with the double bassist standing, with the double bass resting on the floor, like the cello.

Parts

Refer to image

Image taken from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double_bass

There are different types of bows used when playing the double bass. Two of these include the French (overhand) bow and German (Butler) bow.

Sound Production

The sound of a double bass is produced the same way as a violin’s sound is produced.

Range and Tuning

Rather than being tuned in fifths like the violin, viola and cello, the four strings of the double bass are tuned in fourths. Being tuned in fourths rather fifths avoids long finger stretches (extensions), making it easier for the player to play the instrument. Double basses are generally tuned from E (the lowest E on the piano), up to A, D, and then G. Some double basses, such as those in major European orchestras, have a fifth string, which is tuned in B (three octaves and a semitone below middle C). By preference of the player, some double basses are, like cellos, tuned in fifths but are an octave lower, and are tuned from C, up to G, D and then A. Tuning a double bass in fifths usually make the sounds louder.